Primary Sources
*Click the links below for detailed bibliography entries
"A Look Back at 'Section 504'" National Public Radio - NPR. NPR, 2013. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.
This radio station allowed us to access a news report that was broadcasted during the Section 504 / Health Education and Welfare (HEW) demonstrations. From it we heard a firsthand account of what was going on at the protest sites.
Andrew Imparato. Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments. Rec. 28 June 2008. N.d.C-Span. Cable. Web. 15 Mar. 2013.
In this audio Andrew Imparato talks about the difference between the ADA and ADA Amendments Act. He explains in a unique way the differences and similarities between the acts.
Dart, Justin, Jr. "Lead On." N.d. National Council on Independent Living. KH Creative. Web. 12 Dec. 2012.
This song was written Justin Dart Jr. during the Disability Rights Movement. It inspired many disabled activists to keep protesting.
Disabled Kids Living Isolated Lives In Institutions. NPR Talkshow, n.d. 16 Oct. 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2013.
This audio of an NPR talk show, talks about how children live in institutions even today and how they are living in isolated lives. It was very important to our website because it showed how there are still challenges which the disabled face today which are slowly but surely being solved.
"Lexfrieden.com." Lexfrieden.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.
This interview allowed us to clip an audio recording about the positive impact employment rates had. Lex Frieden gave an insight of how since the ADA, disabled have been generating more money which they can spend in the accommodated places therefore helping to boost the economy.
Papworth Employees. "Human Is Our Name." Papworth, n.d. Papworth Trust. United Kingdom. Web. 20 Dec. 2012.
This song is about the disabled citizens being equal as other people. Also that even though they are disabled they are still human.
Senate Hearings of 1988. Perf. 100th Congress. 1988. News. C-Span. Web. 15 Jan. 2013.
This audio was about the Senate Hearings in 1988. They were held to hear the complaints of the disabled. It also showed the introduction of the first draft of the ADA in 1990.
This radio station allowed us to access a news report that was broadcasted during the Section 504 / Health Education and Welfare (HEW) demonstrations. From it we heard a firsthand account of what was going on at the protest sites.
Andrew Imparato. Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments. Rec. 28 June 2008. N.d.C-Span. Cable. Web. 15 Mar. 2013.
In this audio Andrew Imparato talks about the difference between the ADA and ADA Amendments Act. He explains in a unique way the differences and similarities between the acts.
Dart, Justin, Jr. "Lead On." N.d. National Council on Independent Living. KH Creative. Web. 12 Dec. 2012.
This song was written Justin Dart Jr. during the Disability Rights Movement. It inspired many disabled activists to keep protesting.
Disabled Kids Living Isolated Lives In Institutions. NPR Talkshow, n.d. 16 Oct. 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2013.
This audio of an NPR talk show, talks about how children live in institutions even today and how they are living in isolated lives. It was very important to our website because it showed how there are still challenges which the disabled face today which are slowly but surely being solved.
"Lexfrieden.com." Lexfrieden.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.
This interview allowed us to clip an audio recording about the positive impact employment rates had. Lex Frieden gave an insight of how since the ADA, disabled have been generating more money which they can spend in the accommodated places therefore helping to boost the economy.
Papworth Employees. "Human Is Our Name." Papworth, n.d. Papworth Trust. United Kingdom. Web. 20 Dec. 2012.
This song is about the disabled citizens being equal as other people. Also that even though they are disabled they are still human.
Senate Hearings of 1988. Perf. 100th Congress. 1988. News. C-Span. Web. 15 Jan. 2013.
This audio was about the Senate Hearings in 1988. They were held to hear the complaints of the disabled. It also showed the introduction of the first draft of the ADA in 1990.
Blatt, Burton, and Fred Kaplan. "Abandon All Hope/Man's Inhumanity to Man." Christmas in Purgatory; a Photographic Essay on Mental Retardation. [Scituate Harbor? Mass.]: n.p., 1966. 3, 12, 19. Print.
Institutionalization was a major problem disabled people faced before the ADA and even today. Society didn't want disabled people in the community so they would put them away in institutions. Usually, institutions like the one in the picture were terribly overcrowded and had horrible conditions. These pictures were taken secretly in the 1930's, and they support our conclusion that disabled people were put in jail-like institutions to keep them from disrupting society.
Califano, Joseph A. Governing America: An Insider's Report from the White House and the Cabinet. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981. Print.
From this book, we were able to gain first hand information on the signing of the Rehabilitation Act and Section 504. Since Joseph Califano was the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare at the time that 504 regulations were put into place, we were able to learn important details of what the act was and what it did.
Fleischer, Doris Zames., and Frieda Zames. "Chapter Twelve: Identity and Culture." The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 2001. 215. Print.
This book was helpful to find out information on the definition of the disability rights movement. We used this for a quote from Ralf Hotchkiss who was involved in disability rights. Both authors also took part in the disability rights movement.
Pelka, Fred. The ABC-CLIO Companion to the Disability Rights Movement. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1997. Print.
This book listed many of the events that went on before the signing of the ADA. This book was like the dictionary on the disabled people and it really helped us understand different terms and meanings to the terms.
Pelka, Fred. What We Have Done: An Oral History of the Disability Rights Movement. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 2012. Print.
We used this book in order to gain an overview of the whole disabilities movement. It was used in our beginning research and as we kept reading, it got to detailed parts of the movement. This help us with our website in order to get key information on things such as 504 Training, the DREDF, and HEW Demonstrations.
Scotch, Richard K. "Advocacy and the HEW Regulation." From Good Will to Civil Rights: Transforming Federal Disability Policy. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1984. 104+. Web. 27 Jan. 2013.
This book contained quotes about the political viewpoint of the Section 504 Demonstrations. It gave us a different perspective of how non - disabled, political figures felt about what the disabled were doing.
Stroman, Duane F. The Disability Rights Movement: From Deinstitutionalization to Self-Determination. Lanham: University of America, 2003. Print.
This book helped us recognize all the laws that were signed to help the disabled. We looked through this book for the information that is on the Towards Equality page.
Institutionalization was a major problem disabled people faced before the ADA and even today. Society didn't want disabled people in the community so they would put them away in institutions. Usually, institutions like the one in the picture were terribly overcrowded and had horrible conditions. These pictures were taken secretly in the 1930's, and they support our conclusion that disabled people were put in jail-like institutions to keep them from disrupting society.
Califano, Joseph A. Governing America: An Insider's Report from the White House and the Cabinet. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1981. Print.
From this book, we were able to gain first hand information on the signing of the Rehabilitation Act and Section 504. Since Joseph Califano was the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare at the time that 504 regulations were put into place, we were able to learn important details of what the act was and what it did.
Fleischer, Doris Zames., and Frieda Zames. "Chapter Twelve: Identity and Culture." The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 2001. 215. Print.
This book was helpful to find out information on the definition of the disability rights movement. We used this for a quote from Ralf Hotchkiss who was involved in disability rights. Both authors also took part in the disability rights movement.
Pelka, Fred. The ABC-CLIO Companion to the Disability Rights Movement. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1997. Print.
This book listed many of the events that went on before the signing of the ADA. This book was like the dictionary on the disabled people and it really helped us understand different terms and meanings to the terms.
Pelka, Fred. What We Have Done: An Oral History of the Disability Rights Movement. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 2012. Print.
We used this book in order to gain an overview of the whole disabilities movement. It was used in our beginning research and as we kept reading, it got to detailed parts of the movement. This help us with our website in order to get key information on things such as 504 Training, the DREDF, and HEW Demonstrations.
Scotch, Richard K. "Advocacy and the HEW Regulation." From Good Will to Civil Rights: Transforming Federal Disability Policy. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1984. 104+. Web. 27 Jan. 2013.
This book contained quotes about the political viewpoint of the Section 504 Demonstrations. It gave us a different perspective of how non - disabled, political figures felt about what the disabled were doing.
Stroman, Duane F. The Disability Rights Movement: From Deinstitutionalization to Self-Determination. Lanham: University of America, 2003. Print.
This book helped us recognize all the laws that were signed to help the disabled. We looked through this book for the information that is on the Towards Equality page.
"Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund | A COMPARISON of ADA, IDEA, and Section 504." Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund | A COMPARISON of ADA, IDEA, and Section 504. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2013.
This article shows the differences between the ADA and the IDEA. The ADA was more specific than the IDEA and allows education for every disabled citizen.
"History of the ADA." History of the ADA. Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund, 1992. Web. 11 Jan. 2013.
This article explains the history of the ADA from the Ugly Laws to the signing of the ADA. It helped us find all the important protests that we can put on the website. Also this article explained the process of the ADA being signed. The law starting in 1988 and with many changes, passed in 1990.
Hunter, Duncan. ADA Notification Act of 2013. 15 Feb. 2013.
This act is the ADA Notification Act of 2013, and it was very important to our research because we learned that this act allows the business which is being sued to be given 90 days to comply with the ADA. Learning about this act was very important for our project, because we were able to see what is currently going on in the government.
Kaye, Stephan. Improved Employment Opportunities For People with Disabilities. Chart. N.p.: n.p., 2003. 17. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.
This document has a graph that shows separates the people with disabilities whom are able and not capable of working. If you observe just the proportion of disabled people that are interested in working, the graph shows that the employment rates have increased rather than decreased when looking at the numbers as a whole.
National Council of Disability. "Type of Employment Discrimination Due to Disability."The Impact of the Americans with Disabilities Act: Assessing the Progress Toward Achieving the Goals of the ADA. N.p.: n.p., 2007. 98. Print.
This document has a chart that shows the difference of discrimination in employment from 1994 - 2004. It shows a positive improvement as the number of disabled people discriminated against noticeably decreased.
United States. Americans with Disabilities Bill. 100th Cong. Cong 2345. N.p.: n.p., n.d.Archive ADA. Georgetown. Web. 27 Nov. 2012.
This was the starting bill for the ADA. The 1988 proposal was needed to started the process and finally lead to the signing of the ADA.
United States. Cong. Commerce, Science, and Transportation and Energy. Telecommunications for the Disabled Act of 1982. 97th Cong., 2nd sess. Cong 2355. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Library Bureaus. Web. 20 Jan. 2013.
This act is the Telecommunications for the Disabled Act of 1982 and it made coin telephones accessible for hearing impaired citizens. It also installed Text Telephone Devices in many emergency places.
United States. George H. W. Bush Library. Greyhound Lines. By Fred G. Currey. Dallas: n.p., 1989. Print.
Fred G. Currey was another opponent to the draft of the ADA in 1988. He thought that the request for every bus to lifts would be too expensive and a waste of time. This document shows his statement.
United States. George H. W. Bush Library. Statement Malcolm C. Green, Chairman of the Board, National Association of Theater Owners. By Malcolm C. Green. Boston: n.p., 1989. Print.
This statement by Malcolm Green was one of the first objections to the 1988 draft of the ADA. He thought that some of the requests were unreasonable.
United States. National Council on Disability. Equality of Opportunity. By Johnathan M. Young. N.p.: n.p., n.d. National Council on Disability. National Council on Disability, 26 July 2010. Web. 12 Oct. 2012.
This is a publication that has the entire history of the ADA. National Council on Disability released this publication 20 years after the ADA was signed to remember it. This publication has the protests throughout the Disability Rights Movement and has the political steps take to sign the ADA.
United States. National Council on Disability. On the Threshold of Independence. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Archive ADA. Web. 13 Dec. 2012.
This document was the second report that the National Council on Disabilities presented to the White House. It had all the improvements and changes that were made by the NCD.
United States. National Council on Disability. Towards Independence. N.p.: n.p., n.d.Archive ADA. Web. 14 Jan. 2013.
This document is the Towards Independence which was introduced by the National Council on Disabilities. It had the problems that the disabled faced and was presented to the White House.
This article shows the differences between the ADA and the IDEA. The ADA was more specific than the IDEA and allows education for every disabled citizen.
"History of the ADA." History of the ADA. Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund, 1992. Web. 11 Jan. 2013.
This article explains the history of the ADA from the Ugly Laws to the signing of the ADA. It helped us find all the important protests that we can put on the website. Also this article explained the process of the ADA being signed. The law starting in 1988 and with many changes, passed in 1990.
Hunter, Duncan. ADA Notification Act of 2013. 15 Feb. 2013.
This act is the ADA Notification Act of 2013, and it was very important to our research because we learned that this act allows the business which is being sued to be given 90 days to comply with the ADA. Learning about this act was very important for our project, because we were able to see what is currently going on in the government.
Kaye, Stephan. Improved Employment Opportunities For People with Disabilities. Chart. N.p.: n.p., 2003. 17. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.
This document has a graph that shows separates the people with disabilities whom are able and not capable of working. If you observe just the proportion of disabled people that are interested in working, the graph shows that the employment rates have increased rather than decreased when looking at the numbers as a whole.
National Council of Disability. "Type of Employment Discrimination Due to Disability."The Impact of the Americans with Disabilities Act: Assessing the Progress Toward Achieving the Goals of the ADA. N.p.: n.p., 2007. 98. Print.
This document has a chart that shows the difference of discrimination in employment from 1994 - 2004. It shows a positive improvement as the number of disabled people discriminated against noticeably decreased.
United States. Americans with Disabilities Bill. 100th Cong. Cong 2345. N.p.: n.p., n.d.Archive ADA. Georgetown. Web. 27 Nov. 2012.
This was the starting bill for the ADA. The 1988 proposal was needed to started the process and finally lead to the signing of the ADA.
United States. Cong. Commerce, Science, and Transportation and Energy. Telecommunications for the Disabled Act of 1982. 97th Cong., 2nd sess. Cong 2355. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Library Bureaus. Web. 20 Jan. 2013.
This act is the Telecommunications for the Disabled Act of 1982 and it made coin telephones accessible for hearing impaired citizens. It also installed Text Telephone Devices in many emergency places.
United States. George H. W. Bush Library. Greyhound Lines. By Fred G. Currey. Dallas: n.p., 1989. Print.
Fred G. Currey was another opponent to the draft of the ADA in 1988. He thought that the request for every bus to lifts would be too expensive and a waste of time. This document shows his statement.
United States. George H. W. Bush Library. Statement Malcolm C. Green, Chairman of the Board, National Association of Theater Owners. By Malcolm C. Green. Boston: n.p., 1989. Print.
This statement by Malcolm Green was one of the first objections to the 1988 draft of the ADA. He thought that some of the requests were unreasonable.
United States. National Council on Disability. Equality of Opportunity. By Johnathan M. Young. N.p.: n.p., n.d. National Council on Disability. National Council on Disability, 26 July 2010. Web. 12 Oct. 2012.
This is a publication that has the entire history of the ADA. National Council on Disability released this publication 20 years after the ADA was signed to remember it. This publication has the protests throughout the Disability Rights Movement and has the political steps take to sign the ADA.
United States. National Council on Disability. On the Threshold of Independence. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Archive ADA. Web. 13 Dec. 2012.
This document was the second report that the National Council on Disabilities presented to the White House. It had all the improvements and changes that were made by the NCD.
United States. National Council on Disability. Towards Independence. N.p.: n.p., n.d.Archive ADA. Web. 14 Jan. 2013.
This document is the Towards Independence which was introduced by the National Council on Disabilities. It had the problems that the disabled faced and was presented to the White House.
Badger, Josie. “Interview Disabled Citizen". Telephone Interview. 14 Mar. 2013.
Our personal interview with Josie Badger was very impactful towards our project. She was Miss Wheelchair America 2012, and we were able to get her insight about the changes made since the ADA and the impact it had on the younger generation. Since she is just a regular disabled citizen who is experiencing the changes in society, it gave us a different perspective of the ADA from someone who was not politically involved.
Breslin, Mary Lou. "Interview with Mary Lou Breslin." Telephone interview. 11 Mar. 2013.
Mary Lou Breslin was one of the co-founders of DREDF, a major organization involved in the Disability Rights Movement. She gave us primary insight on the Section 504 trainings as well as her opinion on other disability topics in our website. We learned that the 504 trainings were instrumental in teaching the disabled about their rights and helped form a community of disabled activists that would eventually fight against changes proposed by the government at that time. Breslin was also able to give us access to a video that was used during the trainings called "As We Are".
Burgdorf, Robert. “Interview with Drafter of the ADA”. Email Interview. 06 Mar. 2013.
Robert Burgdorf is currently a professor at the University of the District of Columbia. He gave us information on today’s progress with each section of the ADA. Additionally, he also helped us to understand the changes in the definition of disability overtime. He gave us the names of various articles that he wrote for the National Council on Disability which were a valuable resource. His opinion on the fact that the biggest challenge of the ADA is enforcement gave us another insight to research.
Card, Andrew. “Interview with Former Chief of Staff." Skype Interview. 25 Feb. 2013.
We were able to have the opportunity to speak with Andrew Card. Since he was the House Chief of Staff during the drafting and signing of the ADA, he was able to give us his opinion on the immediate impact of it and the events leading up to the signing. Also we were able to get his insight on the current economic issue for the disabled, and what he thinks needs to be done to solve it. We also learned that change does not necessarily start from the top; it starts from the bottom with the grassroots and builds its way up.
Dart, Yoshiko. "Interview with Disability Rights Activist”. Telephone Interview. 22 Mar. 2013.
Interviewing Yoshiko Dart helped us to understand the role Justin Dart and she had in the disability rights movement and the passing of the ADA. They only became involved in local disability rights after returning to Austin, TX from Japan in 1974. It was Justin Dart’s experience in advancing disability rights in Texas and exposure to Section 504 trainings that inspired him to think of a national disability rights program. The Dart’s were relentless in their efforts for the passage of the ADA traveling across the country using their influence and connections to help the movement. Today, Yoshiko Dart continues to push for disability rights nationally and internationally as well. It was an honor for us to speak to her.
Harkin, Tom. “Interview with Political Figure." E-mail interview. 05 Mar. 2013.
Getting a response from Senator Tom Harkin was critical as he was an influential primary source. He was an Iowa Senator that introduced the ADA into the Senate. Since he was a political advocate of the ADA, we were able to obtain a different perspective on the legislation. Senator Harkin thoroughly shared his knowledge and experiences of the ADA, helping us better understand some of the current legislation involving disability that is being passed. Also he explained why the ADA was needed, the reasons there were people and corporations that did not support the ADA, and the ADA’s influence to disability rights around the world.
Harmatz, Jonathan. "Interview with Disabled Citizen." E-mail interview. 13 Mar. 2013.
Jonathan Harmatz is a service member of the American Association of People with Disabilities. He wrote his thesis on the Americans with Disabilities Act and is a post-ADA generation disabled citizen. Jonathan Harmatz had lived through the changes made after the ADA. He provided a different perspective as he himself had not faced discrimination as an adult in the post ADA era.
Heumann, Judith. “Interview with Disabled Citizen/Disability Rights Activist." Telephone interview. 07 Dec. 2012.
We were able to contact Judith Heumann, one of the most influential disabled disability rights activists during the movement. She not only founded Disabled In Action but also was a key member of the Section 504 Demonstrations. She gave us her personal account of the difficulties of being disabled. Getting her first hand experiences was very influential because we were able to gain knowledge of someone who had personal experiences of participating in protests, creating organizations, and fighting for their rights as disabled citizens. Also because she is involved in advancing international disability rights today, she gave us her insight on the recent attempt of the US to ratify the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability treaty.
Johnson, Mark. "Interview with Disability Rights Activist." Telephone interview. 10 May 2013.
Mark Johnson was an activist for ADAPT during the Disability Rights Movement. He gave us really good insight on the protests that occurred during the movement, the reasons for them, and what it was like to be a part of the movement. He explained to us that ADAPT's "direct action created press" which captured the non-disabled population's attention. Mr. Johnson was also able to inform us about what needs to be done today in the disabled community and helped add to our knowledge about the current challenges people with disabilities are facing. For example, even though the ADA has been passed, enforcement of this law is a big issue, because even though there is a law set in place, if nobody checks to see if anyone is following it, then the law has no effect. Mr. Johnson contributed to our overall knowledge about the Disability Rights Movement and what led up to the ADA.
Kemp, John D. "Interview with John Kemp." Skype interview. 18 Mar. 2013.
Our Skype interview with John D. Kemp was very influential towards our project and to our website. John Kemp was very active in the disability rights movement from being involved in the Gallaudet University marches in Washington to serving on the National Council of Disability. He gave us the insight about questioning whether the costs of making accommodations for the disabled outweighed the benefits of including the disabled in today's society. He also shed light on the challenges of enforcing the ADA.
Kuczynski, Christopher. "Interview with Government Official." Telephone interview. 9 May 2013.
Christopher Kuczynski is part of the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) which is responsible for making sure laws banning discrimination in employment are enforced. The EEOC was very important for disabled job applicants and employees after the ADA, to make sure they still had their rights and weren't being discriminated against. Mr. Kuczynski was able to fill some gaps on our website about the unintended and negative consequences of the ADA in employment.
Mayerson, Arlene. "Interview with Arlene Mayerson." E-mail interview. 22 Feb. 2013.
Our personal interview with Arlene Mayerson, the directing attorney of DREDF (Disability Rights Education Defense Fund), was very impactful to our project. She gave us information on the basis of the Berkeley Center of Independent Living movement. Also, we learned about the current challenges facing the disabled today around the topic of internet accessibility. We were able to incorporate this information into our website.
Roper, William. “Interview with Political Figure." E-mail interview.
William Roper was the Director of the White House Office of Policy Development during the drafting and signing of the ADA. He was also the lead negotiator between the Senate and the House on what came to be the ADA. We were able to get his insight of how the ADA was a turning point in history. He also gave us his opinion on what critics thought of the ADA.
Sartin, Rachel. "Interview with Rachel Sartin." Personal interview. 6 Jan. 2013.
We interviewed Mrs. Sartin because she was disabled before the ADA was passed and lived through the changes the ADA had on her community. She explained to us the difficulties she faced before the ADA and what she thinks is still needed to help the disabled. For example, the pool in her community and many trails in the park are still not accessible to the disabled. Because Mrs. Sartin is a disabled citizen, she was able to give a different perspective about the ADA, which was very valuable to us. Her opinions on the ADA were from the point of view of a normal disabled citizen, not an activist or a political figure, who was able to simply tell us what she felt about the ADA and how it had a before-and-after impact on her normal, everyday life.
Thomas, Stephanie, and Bob Kafka. "Interview with Disability Rights Activists." Personal Interview. 5 Dec. 2012.
Stephanie Thomas and Bob Kafka, co-founders of ADAPT of Texas, were major disability rights activists. They organized the Greyhound Bus Protest, and the ADA Capitol Protest. Talking to them gave us an insight of all the discrimination and difficulties disabled people faced, and what exactly the disability rights movement was fighting for. Stephanie Thomas gave us excellent personal experiences, when she talked about not being allowed in hotels or airplanes, and having to travel on the street because there were no curb cuts. ADAPT represents the lower income disability rights activists. We learned about all the challenges ADAPT faced, all the issues they were fighting for, and what ADAPT is currently doing to improve the lives of the disabled even further. They also gave us some of their original newsletters. We used pictures and quotes from the newsletters on the social movement page.
Thornburgh, Richard. “Interview with Political Figure." Telephone interview. 22 Mar. 2013.
Richard Thornburgh was the U.S Attorney General from 1988 – 1991. He introduced us to new theories of why the employment rate hasn’t risen for the disabled. Since the nation as a whole is facing an economic crisis, it automatically reduces the number of disabled employees that can be afforded by companies. He also had wide range of experience and knowledge from the Disability Rights Movement to the future of the ADA with the Amendments Act. Speaking with Mr. Thornburgh really helped clarify the purpose of certain acts and amendments passed after the ADA and why they were needed. He also explained why the definition of disabled is still an issue being addressed today and what he feels needs to be done to solve it.
Young, Jonathan M. "ADA Interview Request." Telephone interview. 6 Mar. 2013.
Jonathan M Young was an important person in the signing of the ADA. He was the Chairman for the National Council on Disability and he wrote a publication on the ADA called "Equality of Opportunity." In this publication he talks about all the different events that occurred leading up to the signing of the Americans with Disabilities Act. He also interviewed many of the activists in the Disability Rights Movement and some of the people who wrote the ADA.
Our personal interview with Josie Badger was very impactful towards our project. She was Miss Wheelchair America 2012, and we were able to get her insight about the changes made since the ADA and the impact it had on the younger generation. Since she is just a regular disabled citizen who is experiencing the changes in society, it gave us a different perspective of the ADA from someone who was not politically involved.
Breslin, Mary Lou. "Interview with Mary Lou Breslin." Telephone interview. 11 Mar. 2013.
Mary Lou Breslin was one of the co-founders of DREDF, a major organization involved in the Disability Rights Movement. She gave us primary insight on the Section 504 trainings as well as her opinion on other disability topics in our website. We learned that the 504 trainings were instrumental in teaching the disabled about their rights and helped form a community of disabled activists that would eventually fight against changes proposed by the government at that time. Breslin was also able to give us access to a video that was used during the trainings called "As We Are".
Burgdorf, Robert. “Interview with Drafter of the ADA”. Email Interview. 06 Mar. 2013.
Robert Burgdorf is currently a professor at the University of the District of Columbia. He gave us information on today’s progress with each section of the ADA. Additionally, he also helped us to understand the changes in the definition of disability overtime. He gave us the names of various articles that he wrote for the National Council on Disability which were a valuable resource. His opinion on the fact that the biggest challenge of the ADA is enforcement gave us another insight to research.
Card, Andrew. “Interview with Former Chief of Staff." Skype Interview. 25 Feb. 2013.
We were able to have the opportunity to speak with Andrew Card. Since he was the House Chief of Staff during the drafting and signing of the ADA, he was able to give us his opinion on the immediate impact of it and the events leading up to the signing. Also we were able to get his insight on the current economic issue for the disabled, and what he thinks needs to be done to solve it. We also learned that change does not necessarily start from the top; it starts from the bottom with the grassroots and builds its way up.
Dart, Yoshiko. "Interview with Disability Rights Activist”. Telephone Interview. 22 Mar. 2013.
Interviewing Yoshiko Dart helped us to understand the role Justin Dart and she had in the disability rights movement and the passing of the ADA. They only became involved in local disability rights after returning to Austin, TX from Japan in 1974. It was Justin Dart’s experience in advancing disability rights in Texas and exposure to Section 504 trainings that inspired him to think of a national disability rights program. The Dart’s were relentless in their efforts for the passage of the ADA traveling across the country using their influence and connections to help the movement. Today, Yoshiko Dart continues to push for disability rights nationally and internationally as well. It was an honor for us to speak to her.
Harkin, Tom. “Interview with Political Figure." E-mail interview. 05 Mar. 2013.
Getting a response from Senator Tom Harkin was critical as he was an influential primary source. He was an Iowa Senator that introduced the ADA into the Senate. Since he was a political advocate of the ADA, we were able to obtain a different perspective on the legislation. Senator Harkin thoroughly shared his knowledge and experiences of the ADA, helping us better understand some of the current legislation involving disability that is being passed. Also he explained why the ADA was needed, the reasons there were people and corporations that did not support the ADA, and the ADA’s influence to disability rights around the world.
Harmatz, Jonathan. "Interview with Disabled Citizen." E-mail interview. 13 Mar. 2013.
Jonathan Harmatz is a service member of the American Association of People with Disabilities. He wrote his thesis on the Americans with Disabilities Act and is a post-ADA generation disabled citizen. Jonathan Harmatz had lived through the changes made after the ADA. He provided a different perspective as he himself had not faced discrimination as an adult in the post ADA era.
Heumann, Judith. “Interview with Disabled Citizen/Disability Rights Activist." Telephone interview. 07 Dec. 2012.
We were able to contact Judith Heumann, one of the most influential disabled disability rights activists during the movement. She not only founded Disabled In Action but also was a key member of the Section 504 Demonstrations. She gave us her personal account of the difficulties of being disabled. Getting her first hand experiences was very influential because we were able to gain knowledge of someone who had personal experiences of participating in protests, creating organizations, and fighting for their rights as disabled citizens. Also because she is involved in advancing international disability rights today, she gave us her insight on the recent attempt of the US to ratify the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability treaty.
Johnson, Mark. "Interview with Disability Rights Activist." Telephone interview. 10 May 2013.
Mark Johnson was an activist for ADAPT during the Disability Rights Movement. He gave us really good insight on the protests that occurred during the movement, the reasons for them, and what it was like to be a part of the movement. He explained to us that ADAPT's "direct action created press" which captured the non-disabled population's attention. Mr. Johnson was also able to inform us about what needs to be done today in the disabled community and helped add to our knowledge about the current challenges people with disabilities are facing. For example, even though the ADA has been passed, enforcement of this law is a big issue, because even though there is a law set in place, if nobody checks to see if anyone is following it, then the law has no effect. Mr. Johnson contributed to our overall knowledge about the Disability Rights Movement and what led up to the ADA.
Kemp, John D. "Interview with John Kemp." Skype interview. 18 Mar. 2013.
Our Skype interview with John D. Kemp was very influential towards our project and to our website. John Kemp was very active in the disability rights movement from being involved in the Gallaudet University marches in Washington to serving on the National Council of Disability. He gave us the insight about questioning whether the costs of making accommodations for the disabled outweighed the benefits of including the disabled in today's society. He also shed light on the challenges of enforcing the ADA.
Kuczynski, Christopher. "Interview with Government Official." Telephone interview. 9 May 2013.
Christopher Kuczynski is part of the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) which is responsible for making sure laws banning discrimination in employment are enforced. The EEOC was very important for disabled job applicants and employees after the ADA, to make sure they still had their rights and weren't being discriminated against. Mr. Kuczynski was able to fill some gaps on our website about the unintended and negative consequences of the ADA in employment.
Mayerson, Arlene. "Interview with Arlene Mayerson." E-mail interview. 22 Feb. 2013.
Our personal interview with Arlene Mayerson, the directing attorney of DREDF (Disability Rights Education Defense Fund), was very impactful to our project. She gave us information on the basis of the Berkeley Center of Independent Living movement. Also, we learned about the current challenges facing the disabled today around the topic of internet accessibility. We were able to incorporate this information into our website.
Roper, William. “Interview with Political Figure." E-mail interview.
William Roper was the Director of the White House Office of Policy Development during the drafting and signing of the ADA. He was also the lead negotiator between the Senate and the House on what came to be the ADA. We were able to get his insight of how the ADA was a turning point in history. He also gave us his opinion on what critics thought of the ADA.
Sartin, Rachel. "Interview with Rachel Sartin." Personal interview. 6 Jan. 2013.
We interviewed Mrs. Sartin because she was disabled before the ADA was passed and lived through the changes the ADA had on her community. She explained to us the difficulties she faced before the ADA and what she thinks is still needed to help the disabled. For example, the pool in her community and many trails in the park are still not accessible to the disabled. Because Mrs. Sartin is a disabled citizen, she was able to give a different perspective about the ADA, which was very valuable to us. Her opinions on the ADA were from the point of view of a normal disabled citizen, not an activist or a political figure, who was able to simply tell us what she felt about the ADA and how it had a before-and-after impact on her normal, everyday life.
Thomas, Stephanie, and Bob Kafka. "Interview with Disability Rights Activists." Personal Interview. 5 Dec. 2012.
Stephanie Thomas and Bob Kafka, co-founders of ADAPT of Texas, were major disability rights activists. They organized the Greyhound Bus Protest, and the ADA Capitol Protest. Talking to them gave us an insight of all the discrimination and difficulties disabled people faced, and what exactly the disability rights movement was fighting for. Stephanie Thomas gave us excellent personal experiences, when she talked about not being allowed in hotels or airplanes, and having to travel on the street because there were no curb cuts. ADAPT represents the lower income disability rights activists. We learned about all the challenges ADAPT faced, all the issues they were fighting for, and what ADAPT is currently doing to improve the lives of the disabled even further. They also gave us some of their original newsletters. We used pictures and quotes from the newsletters on the social movement page.
Thornburgh, Richard. “Interview with Political Figure." Telephone interview. 22 Mar. 2013.
Richard Thornburgh was the U.S Attorney General from 1988 – 1991. He introduced us to new theories of why the employment rate hasn’t risen for the disabled. Since the nation as a whole is facing an economic crisis, it automatically reduces the number of disabled employees that can be afforded by companies. He also had wide range of experience and knowledge from the Disability Rights Movement to the future of the ADA with the Amendments Act. Speaking with Mr. Thornburgh really helped clarify the purpose of certain acts and amendments passed after the ADA and why they were needed. He also explained why the definition of disabled is still an issue being addressed today and what he feels needs to be done to solve it.
Young, Jonathan M. "ADA Interview Request." Telephone interview. 6 Mar. 2013.
Jonathan M Young was an important person in the signing of the ADA. He was the Chairman for the National Council on Disability and he wrote a publication on the ADA called "Equality of Opportunity." In this publication he talks about all the different events that occurred leading up to the signing of the Americans with Disabilities Act. He also interviewed many of the activists in the Disability Rights Movement and some of the people who wrote the ADA.
"Blank Check for the Disabled?" The New York Times 06 Sept. 1989: A24. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.
This article criticized the proposal of the ADA. It stated that it would be costly and harmful to the economy. Some business owners had complaints about the costly renovations to come. Overall, it gave us a different perspective of the ADA.
Cox, Ramsey, and Julian Pecquet. "Senate Rejects United Nations Treaty for Disabled Rights in a 61-38 Vote." The Hill. Washington D.C., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012.
This article was about the United Nations Treaty that was not ratified by the U.S. Senate. It talks about why some Senators did not want to ratify this treaty.
Eaton, William J. "Disabled Persons Rally, Crawl Up Capitol Steps : Congress: Scores Protest Delays in Passage of Rights Legislation. The Logjam in the House Is Expected to Break Soon." Los Angeles Times 13 Mar. 1990: n. pag. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Web. 26 Nov. 2012.
This article is about the capitol protest of 1990. To bring attention to the lack of accessibility faced by the disabled community, ADAPT organized an event where the disabled protesters crawled up the steps of the U.S. capitol. This article has many different opinions on this event. It also helped us understand the importance of the capitol protest in getting political attention and signing the ADA.
Geyer, Georgie A. "Wheelchair Power! The Disabled Go Public." The New York Times [Berkeley] n.d.: n. pag. The New York Times. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
This article is important because it talks about Berkeley is now becoming home to a new movement: the disabled movement.
Greenwald, Susan E. "Access for the Disabled - At What Price?" Washington Post 17 Mar. 1992: n. pag. ProQuest. Web. 27 Mar. 2013.
There were many businesses that opposed the ADA after it was passed. This was a newspaper article that explains one of the complaints, the cost of accessibility.
Hicks, Nancy. "Berkeley Turns Into Mecca For Handicapped Persons." The New York Times [Berkeley] 8 Sept. 1976: n. pag. The New York Times. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
This article is important because it talks about how after the first center for independent living was built, many disabled students joined Berkeley to be part of the Center for Independent Living and help create equality for all.
Hoffelder, Nate. "Free Library of Philadelphia Lawsuit Casts a Pall Over EReader Lending Programs Everywhere." The Digital Reader RSS. The Digital Reader, 05 May 2012. Web. 11 May 2013.
This article gave us the social aspect of the unintended consequences of the ADA. We learned that currently, libraries and universities are not going to be able to provide eReaders to the public because they are not accessible to all people with disabilities. This limits some of the technological access for the non-disabled population.
Holmes, Steven A. "House, 377 - 28, Approves Bill to Protect Disabled." New York Timesn.d.: n. pag. ProQuest. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.
This newspaper shows the process taken to get the ADA passed. The ADA had gone through the House and was ready to be signed by the president.
Holmes, Steven A. "Rights Bill for Disabled Is Sent to Bush." New York Times. New York Times, n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012.
This article is about after the Senate and House of Representatives passed the ADA and it went to George H. W. Bush. It has many disabled activist quotes and has negative opinions on this act.
"Individuals with Disabilities Education Act." U.S. Department of Education. U.S. Department of Education, n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012.
This article talks the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which was signed in 1975. This act allows disabled children to receive a primary (elementary through high school) education. We thought it would be important to explain that the reason why the ADA only covers higher education is because IDEA already covers primary education for disabled children.
Jalonick, Mary C. "Gov't : Food Allergies May Be Disability Under Law." The Big Story. N.p., n.d. Web.
This newspaper article talks about how the government is starting to expand the definition of a disability. They are now going to include folks with food allergies to be disables. This article gave us great information on what is happening politically today.
Kakissis, Joanna. "More Austerity Looms For Weary Greeks." NPR. NPR, 29 Sept. 2012. Web. 21 Jan. 2013.
This article talks about how after the ADA, Greece started protesting for disability rights. The ADA has influenced many activists around the world to demonstrate for rights for the disabled, and in Australia and UK, disability rights legislation has already been passed.
LaFraniere, Sharon. "Doors Opening for the Disabled." Washington Post 25 May 1990: n. pag. Print.
This newspaper article explained the positive reactions to the ADA. It says that this law gave new opportunities to the disabled which allowed the disabled to be more integrated into the society.
"National Federation of the Blind Assists in Litigation Against Free Library of Philadelphia | NFB." National Federation of the Blind. National Federation of the Blind, 02 May 2012. Web. 11 May 2013.
This article introduced us to the lawsuit about the ban to have access to e-books in libraries and universities because they are inaccessible to the disabled. It gave us a social perception to the unintended consequences of the ADA.
"News." Bolivia Must Investigate Violence at Disability Protest. N.p., 24 Feb. 2012. Web. 21 Dec. 2012.
This article is about the protests in Bolivia by the disabled community. This is the impact of the signing of the ADA in 1990. Bolivia is only one country out of the many where disabled citizens are fighting for their civil rights.
Robert, Selna. "S.F. Bookshop Owner to Close over ADA Lawsuit." SFGate. San Francisco Chronicle, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2013.
This article gave us a current day situation involving the negative consequences of the ADA. A book store which had been open since 1999, was forced to shut down as it could not afford the renovations of accommodations set by the ADA requirements. This goes to show some of the current challenges we are still facing today.
Secret, Mosi. "Disabilities Act Prompts Flood of Suits Some Cite as Unfair." New York Times, 16 Apr. 2012. Web.
This article contributed to our unintended consequences page. It showed how currently, there are some people who place frivolous lawsuits on the basis of the ADA just to make money.
Spayd, Liz. "Disability Act Sparks Lawsuits." Washington Post 4 Feb. 1992: n. pag. Print.
A problem with the Americans with Disabilities Act was the abundance of lawsuits that came with it. Every time a building wasn't accessible, the disabled had to sue the business and therefore many court cases quickly rose.
Spayd, Liz. "Lowering Barriers Will Raised Cost." Washington Post 11 Nov. 1991: n. pag. Print.
The newspaper shows one of the problems that the ADA caused. Cost was one of the biggest problems that businesses had to face. They had to spend a lot of money to make buildings accessible for the disabled.
United States. US House of Representatives. Hunter Introduces the ADA Notification Act. N.p., May 2009. Web.
This government article talks about what Congressman Duncan Hunter think about the ADA Notification act. This article is very useful to our project and it was very helpful to see what is going on in the government and what is currently going on politically.
Welch, William M. "Disabled Protester Make a Stand." The Free Lance-Star 13 Mar. 1990: n. pag. The Free Lance-Star. Google News. Web. 11 Dec. 2012.
This article explains the 1990 capitol protest where disabled activist climbed up the capitol's steps. It contains the president of Galludet's opinion on this event and many of the protesters quotes. The capitol protest attracted the attention of political leaders and helped get the ADA signed.
This article criticized the proposal of the ADA. It stated that it would be costly and harmful to the economy. Some business owners had complaints about the costly renovations to come. Overall, it gave us a different perspective of the ADA.
Cox, Ramsey, and Julian Pecquet. "Senate Rejects United Nations Treaty for Disabled Rights in a 61-38 Vote." The Hill. Washington D.C., n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012.
This article was about the United Nations Treaty that was not ratified by the U.S. Senate. It talks about why some Senators did not want to ratify this treaty.
Eaton, William J. "Disabled Persons Rally, Crawl Up Capitol Steps : Congress: Scores Protest Delays in Passage of Rights Legislation. The Logjam in the House Is Expected to Break Soon." Los Angeles Times 13 Mar. 1990: n. pag. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times. Web. 26 Nov. 2012.
This article is about the capitol protest of 1990. To bring attention to the lack of accessibility faced by the disabled community, ADAPT organized an event where the disabled protesters crawled up the steps of the U.S. capitol. This article has many different opinions on this event. It also helped us understand the importance of the capitol protest in getting political attention and signing the ADA.
Geyer, Georgie A. "Wheelchair Power! The Disabled Go Public." The New York Times [Berkeley] n.d.: n. pag. The New York Times. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
This article is important because it talks about Berkeley is now becoming home to a new movement: the disabled movement.
Greenwald, Susan E. "Access for the Disabled - At What Price?" Washington Post 17 Mar. 1992: n. pag. ProQuest. Web. 27 Mar. 2013.
There were many businesses that opposed the ADA after it was passed. This was a newspaper article that explains one of the complaints, the cost of accessibility.
Hicks, Nancy. "Berkeley Turns Into Mecca For Handicapped Persons." The New York Times [Berkeley] 8 Sept. 1976: n. pag. The New York Times. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
This article is important because it talks about how after the first center for independent living was built, many disabled students joined Berkeley to be part of the Center for Independent Living and help create equality for all.
Hoffelder, Nate. "Free Library of Philadelphia Lawsuit Casts a Pall Over EReader Lending Programs Everywhere." The Digital Reader RSS. The Digital Reader, 05 May 2012. Web. 11 May 2013.
This article gave us the social aspect of the unintended consequences of the ADA. We learned that currently, libraries and universities are not going to be able to provide eReaders to the public because they are not accessible to all people with disabilities. This limits some of the technological access for the non-disabled population.
Holmes, Steven A. "House, 377 - 28, Approves Bill to Protect Disabled." New York Timesn.d.: n. pag. ProQuest. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.
This newspaper shows the process taken to get the ADA passed. The ADA had gone through the House and was ready to be signed by the president.
Holmes, Steven A. "Rights Bill for Disabled Is Sent to Bush." New York Times. New York Times, n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012.
This article is about after the Senate and House of Representatives passed the ADA and it went to George H. W. Bush. It has many disabled activist quotes and has negative opinions on this act.
"Individuals with Disabilities Education Act." U.S. Department of Education. U.S. Department of Education, n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012.
This article talks the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) which was signed in 1975. This act allows disabled children to receive a primary (elementary through high school) education. We thought it would be important to explain that the reason why the ADA only covers higher education is because IDEA already covers primary education for disabled children.
Jalonick, Mary C. "Gov't : Food Allergies May Be Disability Under Law." The Big Story. N.p., n.d. Web.
This newspaper article talks about how the government is starting to expand the definition of a disability. They are now going to include folks with food allergies to be disables. This article gave us great information on what is happening politically today.
Kakissis, Joanna. "More Austerity Looms For Weary Greeks." NPR. NPR, 29 Sept. 2012. Web. 21 Jan. 2013.
This article talks about how after the ADA, Greece started protesting for disability rights. The ADA has influenced many activists around the world to demonstrate for rights for the disabled, and in Australia and UK, disability rights legislation has already been passed.
LaFraniere, Sharon. "Doors Opening for the Disabled." Washington Post 25 May 1990: n. pag. Print.
This newspaper article explained the positive reactions to the ADA. It says that this law gave new opportunities to the disabled which allowed the disabled to be more integrated into the society.
"National Federation of the Blind Assists in Litigation Against Free Library of Philadelphia | NFB." National Federation of the Blind. National Federation of the Blind, 02 May 2012. Web. 11 May 2013.
This article introduced us to the lawsuit about the ban to have access to e-books in libraries and universities because they are inaccessible to the disabled. It gave us a social perception to the unintended consequences of the ADA.
"News." Bolivia Must Investigate Violence at Disability Protest. N.p., 24 Feb. 2012. Web. 21 Dec. 2012.
This article is about the protests in Bolivia by the disabled community. This is the impact of the signing of the ADA in 1990. Bolivia is only one country out of the many where disabled citizens are fighting for their civil rights.
Robert, Selna. "S.F. Bookshop Owner to Close over ADA Lawsuit." SFGate. San Francisco Chronicle, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2013.
This article gave us a current day situation involving the negative consequences of the ADA. A book store which had been open since 1999, was forced to shut down as it could not afford the renovations of accommodations set by the ADA requirements. This goes to show some of the current challenges we are still facing today.
Secret, Mosi. "Disabilities Act Prompts Flood of Suits Some Cite as Unfair." New York Times, 16 Apr. 2012. Web.
This article contributed to our unintended consequences page. It showed how currently, there are some people who place frivolous lawsuits on the basis of the ADA just to make money.
Spayd, Liz. "Disability Act Sparks Lawsuits." Washington Post 4 Feb. 1992: n. pag. Print.
A problem with the Americans with Disabilities Act was the abundance of lawsuits that came with it. Every time a building wasn't accessible, the disabled had to sue the business and therefore many court cases quickly rose.
Spayd, Liz. "Lowering Barriers Will Raised Cost." Washington Post 11 Nov. 1991: n. pag. Print.
The newspaper shows one of the problems that the ADA caused. Cost was one of the biggest problems that businesses had to face. They had to spend a lot of money to make buildings accessible for the disabled.
United States. US House of Representatives. Hunter Introduces the ADA Notification Act. N.p., May 2009. Web.
This government article talks about what Congressman Duncan Hunter think about the ADA Notification act. This article is very useful to our project and it was very helpful to see what is going on in the government and what is currently going on politically.
Welch, William M. "Disabled Protester Make a Stand." The Free Lance-Star 13 Mar. 1990: n. pag. The Free Lance-Star. Google News. Web. 11 Dec. 2012.
This article explains the 1990 capitol protest where disabled activist climbed up the capitol's steps. It contains the president of Galludet's opinion on this event and many of the protesters quotes. The capitol protest attracted the attention of political leaders and helped get the ADA signed.
ADA Restoration Act Hearing. Perf. Robert Burgdorf. Committee on Ed and Workforce. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
This video is about the ADA Restoration Act Hearing. It was part to the ADA Amendments Act. This hearing was crucial in the passage of the ADAAA.
American Disability Rights Activist Judith Heumann. Perf. Judith Heumann. Morning Show Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012.
This video is an interview with disability activist Judith Heumann. In this interview she talked about the effect the ADA has had on the disabled community today. She also covers the current issues that need to be fixed, and the social perception of the disabled today.
Americans with Disabilities Act. Perf. George H. W. Bush. 1990. DVD.
This was the speech by George H. W. Bush before the ADA was signed. This speech supported the disabled and their courage during the Disabilities Rights Movement.
"Americans with Disabilities Act Turns 10 Years Old." Interview by Kyra Phillips. CNN. N.p., 22 July 2000. Web. 11 Mar. 2013.
In this interview Pat Wright talks about the ADA. She is part of DREDF and an activist in the Disability Rights Movement. This interview was held on the 10th anniversary of the ADA.
Americans with Disabilities Act Turns 20. Perf. Lex Frieden. University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 2010. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.
This interview from Lex Frieden gave an overall summary of the effects of the ADA and how it was a turning point in history.
GOP Senate Extremists Vote Down UN Treaty Protecting Those with Disabilities. Perf. Rachel Maddow. United States Movies. YouTube, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2013.
This video was about the United Nations disability treaty which protected disabled persons in the UN countries. Unfortunately the US senate did not ratify the treaty, which fell 6 votes short.
NCIL Conference 2012 - 30 Years of Advocacy. National Council on Independent Living. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2013.
We used this video on the first page of our website. It is there because the video has pictures from the beginning of the Disability Rights Movement to the end. The audio has been edited to fit the pictures.
President Obama's Address. N.p., 8 Mar. 2013. Web.
President Obama is talking about the progress that we have made for the disabled from after the ADA was signed till now. In this video he also talks about how him and his administration are going to continue working to improve the lives of disabled people.
Rand Paul on the Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer. Perf. Rand Paul. CNN, n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013.
This video explained to us a negative impact of the ADA in an unique way. Senator Rand Paul explained the shortcomings of the ADA in the accessibility section, where the ADA made unreasonable demands for changes to buildings.
Senate Hearings of 1988. Perf. 100th Congress. 1988. News. C-Span. Web. 15 Jan. 2013.
This video was about the Senate Hearings in 1988. They were held to hear the complaints of the disabled. It also showed the introduction of the first draft of the ADA in 1990.
The ADA Anthem. Perf. Jeff Moyer. Jeff Moyer. YouTube, n.d. Web. 4 Jan. 2013.
This song, which was written and played by a blind activist on the ADA 20th anniversary, served as the ADA anthem.
Think Big Overcome Barriers. Think Big Overcome Barriers. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2013.
This video shows all of the problems that the disabled community faced. It also shows the solutions to these problem and has the famous quote "Think Big. Overcome Barriers."
This video is about the ADA Restoration Act Hearing. It was part to the ADA Amendments Act. This hearing was crucial in the passage of the ADAAA.
American Disability Rights Activist Judith Heumann. Perf. Judith Heumann. Morning Show Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012.
This video is an interview with disability activist Judith Heumann. In this interview she talked about the effect the ADA has had on the disabled community today. She also covers the current issues that need to be fixed, and the social perception of the disabled today.
Americans with Disabilities Act. Perf. George H. W. Bush. 1990. DVD.
This was the speech by George H. W. Bush before the ADA was signed. This speech supported the disabled and their courage during the Disabilities Rights Movement.
"Americans with Disabilities Act Turns 10 Years Old." Interview by Kyra Phillips. CNN. N.p., 22 July 2000. Web. 11 Mar. 2013.
In this interview Pat Wright talks about the ADA. She is part of DREDF and an activist in the Disability Rights Movement. This interview was held on the 10th anniversary of the ADA.
Americans with Disabilities Act Turns 20. Perf. Lex Frieden. University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 2010. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.
This interview from Lex Frieden gave an overall summary of the effects of the ADA and how it was a turning point in history.
GOP Senate Extremists Vote Down UN Treaty Protecting Those with Disabilities. Perf. Rachel Maddow. United States Movies. YouTube, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2013.
This video was about the United Nations disability treaty which protected disabled persons in the UN countries. Unfortunately the US senate did not ratify the treaty, which fell 6 votes short.
NCIL Conference 2012 - 30 Years of Advocacy. National Council on Independent Living. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2013.
We used this video on the first page of our website. It is there because the video has pictures from the beginning of the Disability Rights Movement to the end. The audio has been edited to fit the pictures.
President Obama's Address. N.p., 8 Mar. 2013. Web.
President Obama is talking about the progress that we have made for the disabled from after the ADA was signed till now. In this video he also talks about how him and his administration are going to continue working to improve the lives of disabled people.
Rand Paul on the Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer. Perf. Rand Paul. CNN, n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2013.
This video explained to us a negative impact of the ADA in an unique way. Senator Rand Paul explained the shortcomings of the ADA in the accessibility section, where the ADA made unreasonable demands for changes to buildings.
Senate Hearings of 1988. Perf. 100th Congress. 1988. News. C-Span. Web. 15 Jan. 2013.
This video was about the Senate Hearings in 1988. They were held to hear the complaints of the disabled. It also showed the introduction of the first draft of the ADA in 1990.
The ADA Anthem. Perf. Jeff Moyer. Jeff Moyer. YouTube, n.d. Web. 4 Jan. 2013.
This song, which was written and played by a blind activist on the ADA 20th anniversary, served as the ADA anthem.
Think Big Overcome Barriers. Think Big Overcome Barriers. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2013.
This video shows all of the problems that the disabled community faced. It also shows the solutions to these problem and has the famous quote "Think Big. Overcome Barriers."
